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+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 1

+ SGA BYLAWS

+ September 2021

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 2

+ I. DUTIES OF THE SENATE

+ 1. Scope

+ i. This article shall apply to all members of the Senate and corresponding advisors.

+ ii. This section is established in concord with Article II and Article VI of the Constitution.

+ iii. Should any part of this article be found unconstitutional, such part shall be considered

+ severable and the rest of the article shall remain in effect.

+ 2. Membership Responsibilities & Roles

+ i. Per the Constitution, there exists three (3) distinct types of SGA members at large:

+ 1. Executive Board

+ a. Article III of the Constitution defines the responsibilities and roles of the four (4)

+ Executive Board members.

+ b. The Executive Secretary shall be tasked with recording how frequently each of

+ the non-senate bodies within SGA (such as the PRDC) issue a report to the

+ Senate during general body meetings. The Executive Secretary shall note if any

+ of these bodies are ever in violation of the GBM reporting requirements outlined

+ in the group’s bylaws, and, if so, should take the appropriate action detailed

+ therein.

+ c. In addition, the Executive Board shall also ensure the smooth integration of new

+ members – especially freshmen – into SGA.

+ i. The Executive Board shall coordinate the production of transition

+ documents compiled by the Executive Branch, Standing Legislative

+ Committees, and Class Councils. These documents shall be finished at

+ the end of every one-year term, presented to the Senate, and provided to

+ the next SGA.

+ ii. The Executive Board shall also organize at least one mandatory SGA

+ retreat per one-year term to clarify its goals and promote group

+ development.

+ d. The Executive Board shall ensure regular communication with their counterparts

+ in the Graduate Student Organization (GRO) by meeting with the co-chairs of the

+ GRO at the beginning of each semester. The Executive Board shall at this time

+ ensure that committee chairs establish contact with relevant GRO executive

+ board chairs.

+ 2. Class Councils

+ a. Per the Constitution, there shall exist four (4) Class Councils that shall represent

+ each of the four (4) undergraduate classes.

+ b. Class Councils, which are comprised of one (1) Class President and six (6) Class

+ Senators, shall strive to:

+ i. Understand the sentiments of their class via outreach methods (e.g.

+ surveys).

+ ii. Serve as primary SGA liaisons to their class by communicating what the

+ SGA is doing.

+ iii. Utilize proper programming to facilitate class-specific unity events.

+ c. Class Councils shall meet weekly.

+ d. At the first Class Council meeting, one member shall be designated to take

+ minutes for all Class Council meetings.

+ 3. Class Presidents

+ a. Per the Constitution, four (4) Class Presidents shall be elected for every one-year

+ term to serve as primary class representatives on the Senate.

+ b. Class Presidents shall exercise general superintendence over all class affairs.

+ c. Presidents shall serve on the Executive Board’s Class Council Task Force that

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 3

+ seeks to enhance cross-council collaboration in bringing matters of class-related

+ significance to the attention of the Senate.

+ i. Class Council Task Force meetings shall be called by the Executive

+ President once a month and throughout each one-year term.

+ d. Class Presidents shall ensure proper and regular communication between their

+ respective councils and classes.

+ e. Class Presidents shall set every Class Council meeting agenda and lead all Class

+ Council meetings.

+ f. Class Presidents shall also be considered as Senators and perform all regular

+ Senatorial duties.

+ 4. Senators

+ a. Per the Constitution, twenty-eight (28) Senators shall be elected for every

+ one-year term.

+ b. Senators participate within SGA as members of the Senate, Standing Legislative

+ Committees, and Class Councils.

+ c. Senators shall be proactive in pursuing student interests and concerns, in addition

+ to actively lobbying relevant administrators.

+ d. Senators shall prioritize their commitments to SGA and strive to attend all

+ SGA-related meetings.

+ e. Senators may be considered in bad standing if they do not fulfill the

+ aforementioned guidelines and subsequently may be subject to an impeachment

+ hearing under Article IX of the Constitution.

+ f. A representative from the SGA will be selected by the Senate to attend the GRO

+ meetings and thereby act as a point of contact between the GRO and the SGA. In

+ turn, the GRO will provide an equivalent representative from their group to

+ attend the SGA meetings.

+ g. Post-Election Meet and Greet

+ i. As part of the official inauguration process of SGA, newly-elected SGA

+ representatives must attend a mandatory meet and greet session

+ designed to interface with the undergraduate student body within 7 days

+ after election decisions are released.

+ ii. The meet and greet session must be at least one hour long.

+ iii. The meet and greet session must have all newly elected representatives

+ present.

+ iv. The meet and greet session must be open to all JHU undergraduates and

+ be held in a space that is easily accessible to all JHU undergraduate

+ students.

+ v. Executive Vice President will be tasked with organizing the meet and

+ greets.

+ vi. Meet and greet session will be widely publicized by SGA.

+ h. SGA Tabling Events

+ i. SGA will host one tabling event every month of the school year, with

+ provisional exceptions to December, January, and May, as these months

+ tend to have less school days compared to others. Explicitly, months that

+ must have a tabling event include September, October, November,

+ ii. Tabling events must be at least one hour long.

+ iii. Tabling events must be staffed by a minimum of six SGA

+ representatives, each from the four class councils, as well as two other

+ SGA members. A member of the Executive Board may be allowed to

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 4

+ substitute one of the six SGA representatives.

+ iv. SGA representatives must take turns tabling to ensure that as many

+ different SGA representatives as possible are participating in these

+ events.

+ v. All senators and the Executive Board must attend at least one tabling

+ event throughout the year.

+ vi. Tabling events must open to all JHU undergraduate students and be held

+ in a space that is easily accessible to all JHU undergraduate students and

+ preferably, in a highly frequented area. Possible tabling areas include:

+ 1. Breezeway

+ 2. Brody Learning Commons and Terrace

+ 3. Milton S. Eisenhower Library

+ 4. Charles Commons

+ 5. In front of Fresh Food Café

+ 6. Levering Café and Courtyard

+ 7. Mattin Center

+ vii. Tabling events must be well-publicized by all the class councils before,

+ during, and after the events to draw in as much attendance, and future

+ attendance, as possible.

+ viii. At the end of every tabling event, there must be a report submitted about

+ the event’s feedback.

+ ix. There must be a sign-up sheet assigning placements at the beginning of

+ the year, and any rooms or spaces shall be reserved as necessary, for

+ every month of the year

+ x. Once the freshmen are elected, they will be held accountable for these

+ above guidelines.

+ ii. Advisors

+ 1. There shall exist SGA advisors who shall be resources when called upon by the SGA.

+ a. The SGA, in conjunction with the Office of the Dean of Student Life shall

+ appoint one (1) SGA Advisor for the SGA at large and four (4) Class Council

+ Advisors.

+ iii. Inclusivity and Resource Awareness Trainings and Presentations

+ 1. To foster a positive and health community within the SGA and across campus, the SGA

+ shall participate in the following trainings during their term in office:

+ a. Diversity and inclusion training from the Office of Multicultural Affairs and the

+ Office of Gender Equity

+ b. SafeZone training from the Office of LGBTQ Life

+ c. Bystander Intervention Training from the Title IX Office

+ d. Mental health resource training from the Counseling Center

+ e. Student organizations or financial processes training from the Office of Student

+ Leadership and Involvement (SLI) or the Student Activities Commission.

+ 2. Special Conditions

+ a. If time or scheduling conflicts do not permit these trainings to be completed

+ during the Fall Retreat, an SGA member can spread them out over the course of

+ their first semester in session.

+ b. If an SGA member received a version of one of these trainings within the last

+ three years, and the training is scheduled for the Fall Retreat, they will be

+ permitted to exempt out of the already completed training and perform an

+ alternative activity for others who have exempted out.

+ i. To opt out, an SGA member must provide an email, certificate, or other

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 5

+ formal documentation that they completed a training.

+ II. SENATE PROCEDURAL RULES

+ 1. Scope

+ i. The Senate Procedural Rules shall supersede all legislation and Robert’s Rules of Order, but shall

+ not supersede other Bylaws or the Constitution.

+ 2. Membership Privileges

+ i. Only Members of the Senate, including Executive Board officers in an ex-officio capacity shall

+ have speaking privileges in the Senate during the consideration of motions.

+ 3. Attendance

+ i. Required

+ 1. Attendance at Senate general body meetings, committee meetings, and Class Council

+ meetings is mandatory for all Senators. The Executive Vice President shall be permitted to

+ grant a total of 12 excused absences per senator per year, with an additional 4 excused

+ absences for every additional committee beyond 2 committees that the senator serves on.

+ Senators who have 2 unexcused absences shall be subject to an impeachment vote per the

+ Constitution. Senators who have 4 unexcused absences shall be thanked for their service

+ and summarily dismissed from the SGA per the Constitution.

+ ii. Taking Attendance

+ 1. A roll call shall be taken at the beginning of each Senate meeting, and recorded in the

+ minutes. The Executive Secretary shall be responsible for keeping track of whether

+ enough Senators are present when voting on legislation.

+ 2. Members must stay for the entire meeting unless previously excused or in cases of

+ emergency.

+ iii. Recording Attendance

+ 1. All SGA members’ attendance records shall be noted on the SGA’s website and shall be

+ sent to the student body in a press release every semester.

+ iv. Documenting and Verifying Absences

+ 1. The Executive Secretary shall document all absences – Senate, committee, and council –

+ on a spreadsheet publicly available on the SGA website. The spreadsheet shall be updated

+ with absences no later than one week from the date of a meeting. If no minutes for a

+ meeting are provided to the Secretary after one week, all persons required to attend the

+ meeting shall be counted as absent until minutes are provided.

+ a. The Chair of the Internal Affairs Committee shall maintain parallel attendance

+ records to ensure that attendance records can be double-verified.

+ v. One-Time Medical Leave and One-Time Family Emergency Leave

+ 1. Once a school year, if an SGA member is temporarily unable to attend meetings for any

+ reason verified by an accredited medical provider, they shall be permitted to take a

+ medical leave of no more than two academic weeks.

+ 2. Once a school year, if an SGA member is temporarily unable to attend meetings for any

+ reason related to family emergency, they shall be permitted to take a family emergency

+ leave of no more than two academic weeks.

+ 3. These absences will come from the 12 excused absences. However, if there are more than

+ 12 absences in that time, we will grant up to two weeks.

+ 4. Meetings

+ i. Agenda

+ 1. The Executive Vice President shall set the agenda according to the needs of the SGA.

+ 2. Committee reports shall consist solely of reports – any pending committee action must be

+ reported in advance and dealt with later in the meeting.

+ ii. Chair of Senate Meetings

+ 1. The Vice President shall chair the meetings of the SGA Senate. If the Vice President

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 6

+ yields the chair in accordance with proper parliamentary procedure, or is unable to attend

+ a Senate meeting, the President of the Senior Class shall fulfill the duties as Chair.

+ iii. Decisions of the Chair

+ 1. The chair shall enforce Senate procedures as well as the Constitution and Bylaws,

+ including but not limited to ruling motions or conversations out of order. A single member

+ (no second is required) may contest such a decision, which is debatable but

+ nonamendable, before it takes effect. A two-thirds vote of the Senate shall be necessary to

+ overturn the chair’s decision.

+ iv. Manner of Presiding and Yielding of the Chair

+ 1. The Vice President shall preside the meeting in an orderly, objective and fair manner

+ giving opportunity to all Senators to represent their views provided they maintain

+ decorum. Furthermore, the Vice President shall use his or her discretion in speaking on

+ issues provided he/she maintains objectivity and fairness in the manner of the meeting.

+ The Vice President shall yield the chair to a successor any time the item of discussion is

+ his or her confirmation, elections, impeachment, or removal.

+ v. Order

+ 1. The Senate shall follow the most current version of Roberts Rules of Order in its general

+ body meetings, subservient to any provisions of the Constitution and Bylaws.

+ vi. Moving the Motion

+ 1. Following the moving of a motion and a proper second (if required), the Chair shall

+ immediately state the motion to the assembly. If the motion may be discussed, the Chair

+ shall immediately ask, “Is there any discussion?” and the body shall discuss the motion. If

+ the motion may not be discussed, the Chair shall immediately put the motion to a vote.

+ vii. Discussion on the Motion

+ 1. It is in the interest of the Senate (being a deliberative assembly) to foster productive and

+ persuasive speech by each member so long as it is done in an efficient manner. The author

+ of the motion shall be given the opportunity to speak first in order to present the reasoning

+ behind the motion. Other motions may be moved anytime during discussion. During

+ debate, filibusters are not permitted.

+ viii. Voting

+ 1. Abstentions, used at the individual Senator’s discretion, should only be used in the rare

+ case of a direct conflict of interest. Votes become final when the Chair announces the

+ vote.

+ ix. Straw Polls

+ 1. The use of “straw poll” votes is highly discouraged.

+ x. Roll Call

+ 1. If there is opposition to a motion, then a roll call shall take place.

+ 2. For a roll call vote, the Chair shall state the motion and then the Executive Secretary shall

+ read the roll of the Senate, and each Senator shall state their vote when their name is

+ called. Senators absent at the time of the vote shall be recorded as “absent” (this has no

+ bearing on attendance policy but does establish presence or lack of quorum). Per the

+ Constitution, all votes and discussions shall be public, except for those permitted to be

+ closed by the Constitution.

+ xi. Proxy Voting

+ 1. Due to the deliberative nature of Senate meetings, and due to the possibility of the

+ swaying of one’s opinions during a debate, proxy voting is neither permitted nor accepted.

+ III. SENATE LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEES

+ 1. Scope

+ i. This article shall apply to all committees of the Senate of the Student Government Association

+ (“SGA”) and shall not extend farther than senatorial committees.

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 7

+ ii. This section is established in concord with Article VI of the Johns Hopkins University

+ Undergraduate Student Government Association Constitution (“The Constitution”).

+ iii. Should any part of this article be found unconstitutional, such part shall be considered severable

+ and the rest of the article shall remain in effect.

+ 2. Types of Committees

+ i. Per the Constitution, there shall exist two (2) distinct types of committees of the Senate:

+ 1. Standing Legislative Committees

+ a. Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate shall be established in these

+ Bylaws and shall exist in perpetuity.

+ b. Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate shall be established to address the

+ general business of the Senate and to recommend to the Senate the adoption or

+ rejection of legislation.

+ c. The number of members of Standing Legislative Committees shall be at the

+ discretion of the Executive Vice President when sorting Senators into

+ committees, but shall allow for the efficient functioning of the committees.

+ 2. Ad-hoc Committees of the Senate

+ a. Ad-hoc Committees of the Senate, in accordance with the Constitution, shall be

+ established by a 2/3 vote of the Senate and shall automatically expire at the end

+ of the academic semester during which they were established.

+ b. Ad-hoc Committees of the Senate shall be empaneled to address matters of great

+ importance to the student body and may recommend that the Senate take up

+ certain proposals through its regular legislative process in order to address

+ specific concerns.

+ c. The parameters and scope of individual ad-hoc committees shall be stipulated in

+ the legislation providing for their specific establishment.

+ d. The number of members of Ad-Hoc Committees of the Senate shall be provided

+ for in the legislation establishing the particular committees.

+ e. An SGA Long-Term Ad-Hoc Committee, appropriately abbreviated as an

+ LHAC, shall be a type of ad-hoc committee, adherent to all standard terms and

+ requirements of an ad-hoc committee, with the following and express exceptions:

+ i. An SGA LHAC shall be established in perpetuity until a clearly

+ delineated date of expiration or sunset, or until which time that the

+ Senate votes by ⅔ majority to determine that the LHAC’s mandate or

+ purpose has elapsed.

+ ii. An SGA LHAC may include additional differences from traditional

+ ad-hoc committees, provided that those differences are clearly

+ delineated in the SGA LHAC’s legislative enactment act and provided

+ that those differences do not violate other terms of the SGA Bylaws or

+ the SGA Constitution

+ 3. Membership of Committees

+ a. Sorting of Senators into Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate

+ i. Each member of the Senate shall serve on at least one (1) Standing

+ Legislative Committee of the Senate, but may serve on more than one

+ (1) at the discretion of the Executive Vice President.

+ ii. Pursuant to the Constitution, the Executive Vice President shall sort

+ Senators into Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate, and

+ confirmation of these appointments shall require ratification by a

+ plurality of the Senate.

+ iii. In executing the Constitutional duty to sort Senators into committees,

+ the Executive Vice President shall solicit the wishes of individual

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 8

+ Senators; study their individual passions and legislative priorities; if

+ prudent, consult with SGA colleagues; and shall thereafter proceed to

+ sort Senators into committees at the first Senate General Body meeting

+ in a manner which, in the opinion of the Vice President, will allow

+ individual Senators to flourish and will best serve the students and

+ community of the Johns Hopkins University.

+ b. Participation of the Non-Senate Committee Members

+ i. Per the Constitution, membership in all committees is open to students

+ at large, subject to restrictions provided for herein these Bylaws.

+ ii. Per the Constitution, members of committees who are not only duly

+ serving members of the Senate may participate fully in committees with

+ the express exception of voting.

+ 1. Duly serving members of the Senate may participate fully in all

+ aspects of the committees on which they serve, including

+ voting.

+ iii. Membership in certain Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate is

+ restricted within these Bylaws.

+ iv. Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate not herein restricted

+ from doing so may appoint non-Senate members to serve on its

+ committee with a 2/3 vote of the Senate members of the committee and

+ a 2/3 confirmation of the Senate as a whole.

+ v. Determinations of whether membership of individual Ad-hoc

+ Committees of the Senate is open to students at large or restricted to

+ members of the Senate shall be defined in the legislation providing for

+ the establishment of the particular Ad-hoc committee.

+ vi. Appointment of non-Senate members to Ad-hoc Committees of the

+ Senate shall be made in the legislation providing for the establishment

+ of the particular committee.

+ 4. Establishment of Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate

+ a. The following Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate shall be

+ established.

+ i. Committee on Academic Affairs

+ 1. Membership

+ a. The membership of the Committee on Academic

+ Affairs is not inherently statutorily restricted on the

+ basis of Senate membership.

+ 2. Responsibilities

+ a. The Committee on Academic Affairs shall be tasked

+ with the following responsibilities:

+ i. To deal with matters relating to Student

+ Advising, the Registrar, the Academic

+ Council, and other academic-related organs

+ of the University to improve the academic

+ atmosphere for students.

+ ii. To work with administrators, including the

+ Dean of the Krieger School of Arts and

+ Sciences and the Dean of the Whiting School

+ of Engineering, to advance academic policies

+ and programs that fit the needs and desires of

+ the student body.

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 9

+ iii. To work with the Executive Board and the

+ Senior Class Council on matters related to

+ Convocation, Commencement, and other

+ University academic ceremonies.

+ iv. To take up other measures relating to

+ ii. Committee on Civic Engagement

+ 1. Membership

+ a. The membership of the Committee on Civic

+ Engagement is not inherently statutorily restricted on

+ the basis of Senate membership.

+ 2. Responsibilities

+ a. The Committee on Civic Engagement shall be tasked

+ with the following responsibilities:

+ i. To promote matters of civic engagement,

+ civic involvement and participation, civic

+ activism, student activism, community

+ engagement in Baltimore and beyond, and

+ issues of public, political or civic concern

+ that fall beyond the realm of other

+ committees.

+ ii. To collaborate with JHU student groups

+ focused on civic engagement and aid them in

+ their efforts.

+ iii. To work with other Senate committees, the

+ Office of Student Life, the Office of

+ Multicultural Affairs, LGBTQ Life, Student

+ Disability Service, the Office of Institutional

+ Equity, and other relevant academic

+ departments and faculty in its

+ aforementioned matters of scope whenever

+ applicable.

+ iii. Committee on Internal Affairs

+ 1. Membership

+ a. The membership of the Committee on Internal Affairs

+ is restricted to duly serving members of the Senate.

+ b. The Executive Vice President is the President of the

+ Senate and the Senate’s Parliamentarian and shall

+ serve as an ex-officio member of the Committee on

+ Internal Affairs.

+ 2. Responsibilities

+ a. The Committee on Internal Affairs shall be tasked

+ with the following responsibilities:

+ i. To deal with all matters related to the internal

+ affairs of the Senate, with the exclusion of

+ matters related to the Senate’s budget which

+ are restricted to the Committee on Finance.

+ ii. To deal with matters related to amendments

+ of the SGA Constitution, the SGA Bylaws

+ and the Senate Procedural Rules.

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 10

+ iii. To deal with matters related to amendments

+ of the Committee on Student Elections

+ (CSE) Bylaws and other appropriate

+ governing student documents, excluding

+ revising the SAC Bylaws, a power which is

+ reserved to the Committee on Finance, and

+ the SGA Judiciary Bylaws, which are

+ reserved by the Constitution to the Judiciary

+ itself.

+ iv. To handle all appointments of SGA officials

+ as prescribed by statue, including the

+ evaluation of the Executive President’s

+ judicial nominees, and to recommend to the

+ Senate their appointment or rejection.

+ v. To help facilitate the impeachment process

+ by holding proceedings to make findings of

+ fact and regulation and providing an

+ informed perspective to the Senate.

+ vi. To conduct ethical or disciplinary hearings of

+ SGA members and refer to the Senate such

+ cases with its recommendations.

+ vii. To deal with all other legislation that relates

+ to the internal affairs of the Senate.

+ iv. Committee on Finance

+ 1. Membership

+ a. The membership of the Committee on Finance is

+ restricted to duly serving members of the Senate.

+ 2. Responsibilities

+ a. The Committee on Finance shall be tasked with the

+ following responsibilities:

+ i. To deal with the financial matters of the

+ Student Government, including

+ appropriations, funding procedures, and

+ financial management.

+ ii. To evaluate and vote on all legislation that

+ allocates funds from the Senate.

+ iii. To collaborate with the Committee on

+ Student Organizations and the Student

+ Activities Commission (SAC) to guarantee

+ the success of student organizations by

+ aiding groups through their grant and

+ sponsorship request process.

+ iv. To advise the Executive Treasurer on matters

+ related to funding.

+ v. Committee on Health, Safety, and Sustainability

+ 1. Membership

+ a. The membership of the Committee on Health, Safety,

+ and Sustainability is not inherently statutorily

+ restricted on the basis of Senate membership.

+ 2. Responsibilities

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 11

+ a. The Committee on Health, Safety, and Sustainability

+ shall be tasked with the following responsibilities:

+ i. To deal with matters pertaining to the health

+ and safety of the student body.

+ ii. To take up measures related to sustainability

+ and facilities, as applicable to the Johns

+ iii. To work with Campus Safety and Security,

+ administrators, and other University officials

+ to advocate and ensure the health, safety, and

+ well-being of students.

+ iv. To work with the Recycling Center and the

+ Office of Sustainability to advance

+ sustainable practices. To work with the Vice

+ President for Facilities and Real Estate as

+ well as other University administrators to

+ advance the interests of the student body

+ with respect to real estate, buildings and

+ grounds, auxiliary services, facilities, and

+ related matters.

+ vi. Committee on Student Organizations

+ 1. Membership

+ a. The membership of the Committee on Student

+ Organizations is restricted to a minimum of ten, duly

+ serving members of the Senate.

+ b. The Executive Treasurer is the Chairman of the SAC

+ and shall serve as an ex-officio member of the

+ Committee on Student Organizations.

+ 2. Responsibilities

+ a. The Committee on Student Organizations shall be

+ tasked with the following responsibilities:

+ i. To conduct hearings with leaders of proposed

+ student organizations to evaluate and

+ determine their recognition status within the

+ SGA.

+ ii. To work to ensure inter-organizational

+ organizations of the undergraduate

+ population at Hopkins.

+ iii. To work with student organizations to

+ iv. To work with other organs of the SGA,

+ including the SAC and the CMC, to ensure

+ and promote the success of student

+ v. To ensure that University resources,

+ including usage of the Hopkins logos,

+ funding, facilities and other resources are

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 12

+ used only by approved student groups and

+ that such resources are distributed fairly and

+ utilized responsibly.

+ vi. To ensure that approved student

+ organizations remain in good standing with

+ the SGA and the University, and to

+ recommend corrective actions to the Senate

+ when groups violate SGA, University, local,

+ state, and/or federal rules, regulations, and/or

+ laws.

+ vii. To establish protocols for applying to be an

+ approved student organization and

+ regulations governing the types and

+ standards of such organizations.

+ viii. To work with University officials, including

+ the Coordinator for Student Organizations;

+ organizations such as the Office of

+ Multicultural Affairs, the Interfaith Center,

+ the Department of Athletics and Recreation,

+ the Center for Social Concern, the

+ Homewood Arts Programs, and the Digital

+ Media Center; and other University

+ ix. To take up other measures relating to student

+ organizations.

+ vii. Committee on Student Services

+ 1. Membership

+ a. The membership of the Committee on Student

+ Services is not inherently statutorily restricted on the

+ basis of Senate membership.

+ 2. Responsibilities

+ a. The Committee on Student Services shall be tasked

+ with the following responsibilities:

+ i. To evaluate proposals for SGA sponsorship

+ ii. To work to provide SGA-sponsored services

+ to fill needs that the University

+ administration cannot or will not provide.

+ iii. To work towards improving existing services

+ iv. To work with student organizations, the

+ v. To take up other measures relating to student

+ services.

+ 5. Chairs and Vice-Chairs of the Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 13

+ a. Chairs and Vice-Chairs

+ i. The Internal Affairs Committee and Finance Committee shall each have

+ two chairs automatically.

+ ii. Every other standing and ad-hoc committee shall have one chair and

+ one vice chair.

+ b. Selection of the Chair

+ i. The Executive Vice President, as President of the Senate, shall schedule

+ and preside over the first meeting of each Standing Legislative

+ Committee in order to facilitate, and until, the election of the

+ committee’s chair.

+ ii. Within one (1) week of the Senate’s first General Body meeting, each

+ Standing Legislative Committee of the Senate shall meet to elect its

+ Chair or co-chair.

+ iii. At this first committee meeting, the Executive Vice President shall call

+ to order the committee. The Executive Vice President shall then ask for

+ secret paper ballot nominations of committee members to serve as chair

+ of the committee. Only duly serving members of the Senate may be

+ nominated as committee chairs. Individuals may not serve as chair of

+ more than one (1) committee, or as the chair of a committee if they are

+ the vice-chair for another committee.

+ iv. Upon collecting the nominations, the Executive Vice President shall

+ read the nomination aloud and ask each nominee if he or she would like

+ to perform the service of committee chair.

+ v. Those responding in the affirmative shall each give short speeches

+ outlining their qualifications and priorities.

+ vi. Without a discussion, each Senate member on the committee shall then

+ cast a vote for the chair by confidential paper ballot.

+ vii. Any candidate receiving a plurality of votes will then be installed as

+ committee chair or co-chair and will be sworn in by the Executive Vice

+ President.

+ viii. The Executive Vice President and Executive Treasurer, in their

+ Committee and of the Finance Committee, shall also serve as respective

+ ex-officio co-chairs of those committees.

+ ix. If no candidate receives a plurality, the Executive Vice President shall

+ cast a tie breaking vote.

+ x. The Committee Chair’s term of office shall extend for the term of the

+ Senate.

+ c. Selection of the Vice-Chair

+ i. The Chair of the Committee (excluding the Internal Affairs and Finance

+ committees) must nominate a Vice-Chair for their committee upon their

+ election as chair or at the following committee meeting.

+ ii. The Vice-Chair of a committee must be a duly elected SGA Senator and

+ must be an official member of the committee for which they are a

+ Vice-Chair.

+ iii. The Vice-Chair must not be the Chair or Vice Chair of another

+ committee.

+ iv. After the Chair submits their nomination of a Vice-Chair to their

+ committee, the committee members must approve the selection with a

+ 2/3rds vote.

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 14

+ 6. Chairs of the Ad-hoc Committees of the Senate

+ a. The legislation providing for the establishment of the particular ad-hoc

+ committee shall designate a chair.

+ b. The term of the Chair of an Ad-hoc Committee of the Senate shall expire when

+ the term of the committee itself expires at the end of the semester.

+ 7. Responsibilities of Committee Chairs

+ a. Chairs of Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate and Ad-hoc

+ Committees of the Senate shall having the following responsibilities:

+ i. To issue a committee report at General Body meetings, informing the

+ Senate of relevant projects and actions of the committee and its

+ members.

+ ii. To submit legislation with recommendations to the Executive Vice

+ President and Executive Secretary.

+ iii. To create the agenda for each committee meeting and publish these

+ agendas to the Senate.

+ iv. To appoint a member of the respective committee to take the minutes of

+ each meeting.

+ v. To send a copy of the committee minutes to the Executive Secretary in a

+ timely manner.

+ vi. To meet regularly with the Executive Board to report on committee

+ operations.

+ vii. To perform certain other functions as situations necessitate.

+ viii. To maintain suggestion boxes as needed to provide for the needs of the

+ student body

+ 1. It shall be the duty of the chair of the SSC to appoint

+ committee members to gather the suggestions left in the boxes.

+ 2. To report on the contents of the suggestion boxes bi-weekly at

+ SGA general body meetings.

+ b. Co-chairs of the Finance and Internal Affairs Committees and Chairs and Vice

+ Chairs of Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate and Ad-hoc

+ Committees of the Senate shall having the following additional responsibilities:

+ i. By the end of September, co-chairs/chair and vice chair must submit a

+ cooperation plan to the Executive Vice President detailing an agreement

+ between each co-chair/ chair vice chair on how they plan to work

+ 1. Plans must include but are not limited to:

+ a. Means of communication and response time

+ b. Workflow in terms of planning committee meetings

+ and projects

+ c. Means of conflict resolution

+ d. Limited-use Mental Health and Academic Stress

+ related provisions under which responsibilities can

+ temporarily be waived

+ 2. The requirement to have a plan can be waived if both

+ co-chairs/the chair and vice chair sign a waiver or otherwise

+ inform the Executive Vice President stating that they do not

+ feel the need to have a cooperation plan.

+ a. If a cooperation plan is waived, a co-chair/chair or

+ vice chair has the right to request a cooperation plan

+ at any point throughout the year.

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 15

+ b. Requests must be sent in an email to the Executive

+ Vice President and their co-chair/chair or vice chair,

+ and cooperation plans must be created and submitted

+ to the Executive Vice President within 10 days of the

+ request.

+ 3. The Executive Vice President may reject any cooperation plan

+ deemed to be insufficient. Rejections can be overturned by a

+ 4/5ths vote of the committee that the agreement applies to.

+ 4. For cooperation plans concerning the Internal Affairs

+ Committee, the Executive President shall fill the role of the

+ Executive Vice President in the processes outlined in this

+ section of the Bylaws.

+ 5. Cooperation plans must be shared with senate committee

+ members.

+ 6. Cooperation plans may not be changed without the approval of

+ the Executive Vice President.

+ 7. Failure to follow the rules within this section of the Bylaws is a

+ formal violation of the Bylaws, and may lead to the

+ consequences associated with such.

+ 8. Both co-chairs/chair and vice-chair must express their approval

+ of the cooperation plan in writing or email to the Executive

+ Vice President.

+ 9. If cooperation plans are not submitted and are not waived, the

+ co-chairs/chair and vice chair shall be automatically removed

+ and a new election for co-chairs/chair or vice chair will be

+ held.

+ 10. If one co-chair/chair or vice chair believes that it was not

+ possible for them to submit a cooperation plan because the

+ other co-chair/chair or vice chair refused to cooperate, they

+ may petition the Judiciary to rule on the question of whether

+ failure to submit a cooperative plan was solely or mostly by the

+ fault of one of the co-chairs/chair or vice chair. If they rule that

+ to be the case, the co-chair/chair or vice chair who was ruled to

+ have been mostly or completely responsible for the failure to

+ produce a mutually-agreed upon cooperative plan shall be

+ a. After chair removal, the committee must take a vote

+ to appoint a new chair.

+ i. The removed chair may not participate in

+ committee chair-related deliberations or vote

+ on matters concerning committee chairs after

+ their removal, and may not become the chair

+ of any committee through the end of their

+ term.

+ ii. The vice chair shall not automatically

+ become the chair if the chair is removed

+ through this process, but may run in the chair

+ election.

+ b. After Vice Chair removal, the Chair shall appoint a

+ new Vice Chair, subject to committee approval

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 16

+ c. Vice-Chairs of Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate and Ad-Hoc

+ Committees shall have the following responsibilities:

+ i. Vice-Chairs shall fulfill the duties of the chair whenever they are not

+ present at meetings or otherwise unavailable. They must fulfill all the

+ responsibilities of the chair when the chair is on leave or absent at a

+ meeting, and highlighted duties include:

+ 1. Chairing committee meetings when the chair is absent

+ 2. Updating the Senate on committee activities during GBM

+ when the chair is absent

+ ii. Vice-Chairs shall assist the Chairs in all their duties as agreed upon

+ between the Chair, the Vice-Chair, and the committee at large.

+ 8. Committee Meetings

+ a. The Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate shall be required to regularly

+ meet at least once every two (2) weeks, with the expressed exception of the

+ Committee on Finance and the Committee on Internal Affairs, which shall meet

+ as needed at the discretion of the Committee Co-Chairs.

+ b. The Chairs of Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate that are required to

+ meet regularly shall, at the first committee meeting of the term, discuss with

+ committee members potential times to meet at least once every two (2) weeks.

+ c. During the first meeting of every Standing Legislative Committee of the Senate,

+ the Chairs – if they choose – shall designate one committee member to take

+ minutes during every committee meeting, otherwise they themselves shall take

+ the minutes.

+ d. In accordance with the Constitution, any student is welcome to observe any

+ committee meetings.

+ e. Committees may, in accordance with the Constitution, close meetings to discuss

+ sensitive personnel matters by a 2/3 vote of the committee. However, all voting

+ must take place in public with individual votes recorded as prescribed by Senate

+ rules and legislation.

+ f. Any member of the three SGA branches is welcome to attend committee

+ meetings, even those closed by the committee itself.

+ 9. Removal of Chairs or Members of a Committee of the Senate

+ a. The Chair of a Standing Legislative Committee of the Senate or an Ad-hoc

+ Committee of the Senate may be removed by a ¾ vote of the committee itself, or

+ by a 2/3 vote of the Senate as a whole.

+ b. A member of a committee may only be removed by a ¾ vote of the Senate as a

+ whole.

+ c. If a Committee chooses to remove a chair by a 2/3 vote of the Committee itself,

+ they must abide by the following procedures.

+ i. A senate member of a committee must submit the signatures of at least

+ 1/2 of the senate members of the committee calling for the removal of

+ the committee chair to the Executive Vice President.

+ 1. When there is an odd amount of senators in the committee, the

+ number of signatures required shall be rounded up.

+ ii. The Executive Vice President shall convene a meeting no later than 2

+ weeks after the receipt of the signatures calling for the removal of a

+ committee chair to hear arguments for and against chair removal and to

+ iii. At a minimum, the chair under consideration for removal must be

+ allowed the opportunity to speak, and a senator calling for the chair’s

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 17

+ removal must be allowed an equal opportunity to speak. Speaking order

+ should be determined by some form of chance.

+ iv. After speeches from the chair under consideration and from an accuser,

+ senate members of the committee shall enter into deliberations. The

+ chair under consideration of removal must not be present for

+ deliberations. After deliberations have concluded, senate members of

+ the committee must vote by secret ballot on whether to remove the

+ chair. The chair under consideration for removal cannot participate in

+ this ballot.

+ v. If the chair is removed, they shall be thanked for their service and

+ downgraded to a regular senate member of the committee.

+ vi. Upon removal of a single chair of a committee, the Executive Vice

+ President shall hold an election for a new chair no later than one week

+ after the removal of the original chair.

+ 1. The Vice-Chair shall not automatically succeed the Chair in the

+ case of Chair removal by Committee or Senate vote, but may

+ run in the election to replace the chair.

+ vii. The removed chair may not run in the chair election held to determine

+ their replacement.

+ viii. The Executive Vice President cannot be removed from the Internal

+ Affairs Committee and the Executive Treasurer cannot be removed from

+ the Finance Committee.

+ d. Removal of the chair of a committee, or of a member of the committee, done by

+ the full senate, shall proceed in identical fashion to impeachment proceedings as

+ prescribed by the Constitution and further expounded upon by supporting

+ statutes.

+ e. Vice-Chairs may be removed by the Chair of a committee in consultation and

+ with the consent of the Executive Board.

+ i. In order to remove a Vice-Chair, the Chair of a committee must submit

+ in writing/email why they feel that they require a new Vice-Chair to the

+ Executive President and Vice President.

+ ii. Upon receiving the request to remove a Vice-Chair, the Executive Board

+ shall convene separate meetings with the Chair and Vice Chair of the

+ committee to further discuss the issue, and may convene a meeting with

+ the Chair and Vice Chair if desired.

+ iii. If the Executive Board determines that whatever the Chair believes

+ necessitates the removal of the Vice Chair cannot be resolved, the

+ Executive Board shall consent to the removal of the Vice Chair and the

+ Chair shall appoint a new Vice Chair.

+ 1. The Executive Board should generally defer to the judgement

+ of the Chair

+ iv. The Chair of a committee may also remove a Vice-Chair by submitting

+ written notice to the members of the committee of why they want to

+ remove the Vice-Chair.

+ 1. The committee shall then vote on the removal of the

+ Vice-Chair, with a 2/3rds vote required to remove the

+ Vice-Chair.

+ f. Any member of the Senate who is impeached in accordance with the Constitution

+ and relieved from the duties of the Senate are thus automatically removed from

+ all Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate and Ad-hoc Committees of the

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 18

+ g. Chairs and Vice-Chairs of Committees may resign from Committee leadership

+ positions.

+ i. If the Chair resigns, the Vice-Chair shall temporarily serve as Chair

+ until new Chair elections can be held under the procedures described

+ above.

+ ii. If the Vice-Chair resigns, the Chair shall appoint a new Vice-Chair.

+ iii. Notices of resignation of Committee leadership must be sent to the

+ Executive Vice President.

+ 10. Committee Vacancies

+ a. Any vacancies within Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate or Ad-hoc

+ Committees of the Senate created by the departure of a member of the Senate

+ shall be filled by the Executive Vice President and confirmed by a plurality of the

+ b. Any vacancies within Standing Legislative Committees of the Senate or Ad-hoc

+ Committees of the Senate created by the departure of a non-member of the

+ Senate shall be left vacant unless filled by Senate legislation.

+ IV. LEGISLATION OF THE SENATE

+ 1. Scope

+ i. This article shall apply to all legislation taken up by the Legislative Branch of the SGA.

+ ii. Should any part of this article be found unconstitutional, such part shall be considered severable

+ and the rest of the article shall remain in effect.

+ 2. Process

+ i. Legislation shall be written by any member of the Legislative or Executive Branches of SGA. ii.

+ Legislation shall take one of two forms:

+ 1. A bill, which formally enacts a law within the scope defined by the Constitution; or

+ 2. A resolution, which formally declares the opinion of the Senate and thus the Student

+ Body.

+ ii. Legislation shall require and document the presence of:

+ 1. At least one (1) introducer (also known as an author or composer);

+ 2. At least two (2) co-sponsors of the Legislative Branch who are not introducers;

+ iii. Legislation shall be written in any mainstream serif font (Times New Roman, Palatino, Garamond,

+ Baskerville, etc.) and, by precedent, be headed with the round, golden-blue seal of the SGA.

+ iv. Upon receiving sponsorship of at least two (2) members of the Legislative Branch, the original

+ sponsor of the Bill or Resolution shall submit the legislation to the Executive Vice President.

+ v. The Executive Vice President shall then forward the legislation to the appropriate Committee Chair

+ for the committee’s consideration and alert the Senate of the received legislation and its committee

+ hearing date.

+ vi. All legislation must be considered by a Committee of the Senate before being considered by the

+ Senate itself. In the most exceptional of cases, the Executive Vice President shall be empowered to

+ waive this requirement in order to allow the Senate to directly address pressing matters.

+ vii. Once legislation is referred to a Committee of the Senate, the Committee shall deliberate and vote

+ upon a recommendation to the Senate for the legislation’s adoption or rejection. A plurality vote

+ shall be necessary to recommend legislation’s adoption or rejection, or to undertake other

+ committee actions. A committee may also elect to advance legislation to the Senate with no

+ recommendation, if after significant deliberation, the committee elects to do so. A tie vote within a

+ committee brings the legislation before the Senate with no recommendation.

+ 1. Upon passage in committee, legislation may be amended by mutual agreement of the

+ committee chair and the legislation’s introducer so long as the amendment does not alter

+ the intention of the bill.

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 19

+ viii. All legislation, pursuant to the Constitution, must be adopted by the full Senate. A Committee

+ alone is not empowered to take any direct action other than to recommend and refer action to the

+ Senate as a whole.

+ ix. Upon receiving the recommendation of a Committee of the Senate, the Executive Vice President

+ shall introduce the legislation to the Senate and call upon its original sponsor to discuss its merits

+ and field questions from the Senate.

+ x. The legislation shall then be deliberated upon, pursuant to the Senate’s rules and procedures, and

+ the Senate shall eventually vote for the legislation’s adoption or rejection.

+ xi. If the Senate votes to adopt the legislation, the Executive Vice President shall affix the Seal of the

+ Senate to the legislation. The Executive President, Executive Vice President, Executive Treasurer

+ and Executive Secretary will then place their signatures at the bottom of the legislation so as to

+ confirm its adoption. The legislation will then have the full force and effect of law.

+ 1. For ceremonial purposes, the introducer(s) and co-sponsors shall have the right to sign the

+ legislation as well.

+ xii. If the Senate votes to reject the legislation, the Executive Vice President shall indicate its rejection

+ and place their signature at the bottom so as to confirm its rejection. The Executive Vice President

+ V. STUDENT ACTIVITIES COMMISSION

+ 1. General Policies

+ i. The Student Activities Commission, hereafter referred to as SAC, shall be a subsidiary of the SGA

+ Finance Committee.

+ 1. In the event that there are 8 or less members in the Finance Committee, then all Finance

+ Committee members shall be voting members of SAC.

+ 2. In the event that there are more than 8 members in the Finance Committee, at each

+ convening of SAC, it shall be the responsibility of the Executive Treasurer to ensure that

+ no more than 8 Finance Committee members attend as voting members.

+ a. In the event that there are more than 8 Finance Committee members interested in

+ attending a SAC meeting as a voting member, the Executive Treasurer shall

+ allow the first 8 members who RSVP for the SAC meeting to attend as voting

+ members.

+ 3. All Finance Committee members are required to attend any SAC meeting regardless of

+ whether or not they are a voting member for said meeting.

+ 4. All funding decisions will be passed by a simple majority.

+ ii. The SAC shall be comprised of eight voting Commissioners, appointed by the SGA Executive

+ Treasurer and confirmed by a majority vote of the Senate.

+ iii. All SAC Commissioners and finance committee members shall be eligible to 1 vote in every

+ decision.

+ 1. The SGA Executive Treasurer shall only vote in the case of a tie.

+ 2. Any person at a SAC meeting who is a part of an organization that submitted a grant, shall

+ be asked to leave while the committee discusses the grant and will be unable to vote on

+ said grant.

+ 3. All votes shall be a simple majority vote

+ iv. The SGA Executive Treasurer shall chair the SAC.

+ v. All student groups recognized by the SGA will be eligible for funding from the SAC including

+ monthly grants; however groups which receive annual funding from another source will not be

+ eligible for an annual allocation.

+ 1. The SAC will not consider grants submitted by individual students or groups not

+ recognized by the SGA.

+ 2. Class Councils will be eligible for monthly grant funds.

+ vi. The SGA Treasurer shall have the right with approval of a ⅔ majority vote of the Senate to remove

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 20

+ any member of SAC.

+ 1. The collective SAC body (including both commissioners and Finance Committee

+ Members) can request the removal of a commissioner by a ⅔ vote to then be approved by

+ a ⅔ majority vote of the Senate.

+ vii. The SAC will evaluate grant proposals based on the following four criteria:

+ 1. The SAC Funding Guidelines

+ 2. Feasibility

+ 3. Impact

+ 4. other funding sources that the club is receiving for the proposal.

+ viii. The SAC shall be responsible for maintaining a set of funding policies and caps by which all

+ decisions shall be based. These will be set annually and approved or amended by the Senate in the

+ month prior to reregistration. In addition, they must publish these policies and caps to the student

+ body once approved by the Senate.

+ ix. SAC has the right to revoke funding by a ⅔ majority vote of the SAC for violation of SAC

+ funding guidelines or policies.

+ x. SAC is responsible to provide budgets and balances to student organizations if requested.

+ xi. The Senate can overturn any decision of the SAC by a ⅔ majority vote.

+ xii. The chair of the finance committee will be required to provide bi-weekly updates to the Senate on

+ all decisions made by SAC in addition to the regular updates of the treasurer.

+ 2. Annual Grants

+ i. Annual appropriation decisions shall be made by the SAC within one month of the completion of

+ reregistration.

+ ii. Organizations will not be eligible for annual grants if they receive annual funding outside of SAC.

+ iii. Organizations that have been recognized or reestablished shall not be eligible for annual

+ allocations until the following school year. This includes organizations recognized or reestablished

+ in the fall semester.

+ 1. This will exclude governing boards, who will become eligible for annual grants

+ immediately upon recognition.

+ iv. The Treasurer can then, if necessary, apply a universally proportional cut across all groups to

+ ensure that the given amount is equal to the amount available to give out.

+ v. The final annual budget allocations will require Senate confirmation by a majority vote.

+ 1. The allocations must be submitted a minimum of 10 days prior to the vote.

+ 2. The Senate has the right to amend any budget on the floor by a majority vote.

+ vi. Neither the SAC nor SGA shall publish the annual allocations.

+ vii. Should any student organization fall into debt with their University account, they will immediately

+ become ineligible for all SAC funding including both the annual allocation and monthly grants

+ until there is a positive or zero balance in their account.

+ 1. SAC must notify organizations in the deficit at least 30 days prior to the annual allocation

+ process to allow the organizations to correct it before allocations.

+ 3. Monthly Grants

+ i. The SAC shall meet bi-weekly (once every other week) during the fall and spring semester starting

+ in October based on a schedule set at the start of the semester to discuss monthly budget requests.

+ ii. Organizations are eligible for monthly grants immediately upon SGA recognition.

+ iii. Each meeting will be given a maximum budget set as the total amount of money in the monthly

+ grant account divided by the number of meetings in the school year.

+ 1. Any unused funds from previous meetings will be redistributed to all following meetings.

+ iv. In order for a meeting to commence, a majority of SAC must be present.

+ v. A single group cannot receive more than 40% of the meeting budget.

+ 4. Recruitment Procedures

+ i. Each year, the executive treasurer will be responsible for filling any vacancies left open by

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 21

+ members who have either graduated or given up their duties on the SAC.

+ ii. The recruiting process shall be divided into three parts

+ 1. An application designed to gauge interest in and knowledge of the body

+ 2. An interview with the treasurer and SAC board members

+ 3. Confirmation from a majority vote of the Senate.

+ iii. SAC membership should be based on the merit of the individual and should be justifiable to the

+ SGA Senate for confirmation.

+ iv. All appointments made by the SGA Treasurer shall have to be approved by the SGA Senate by a

+ simple majority.

+ VI. SENATE VACANCIES

+ 1. In the event of any vacancy, the vacancy shall be announced to the relevant constituents through an email

+ that includes a notification of the process and/or application by which the position shall be filled.

+ 2. Senatorial Vacancy

+ i. In the case of a Senatorial vacancy, the remaining members of the Class Council shall choose a

+ new Senator, following the process herein prescribed subject to any constitutional restrictions.

+ 1. The Class President shall immediately assemble the Class Council and inform them of the

+ vacancy.

+ 2. The Class Council shall then collectively draft an application to fill the vacant seat.

+ 3. This application shall then be disseminated to every member of the class within seven (7)

+ business days of the vacancy being created. Business days shall refer to all days when

+ University classes are held on the Homewood campus.

+ 4. The Class Council shall then conduct interviews of any candidates it deems qualified for

+ the position. These interviews must conclude within seven (7) business days of the

+ dissemination of the applications.

+ 5. Within two (2) business days of these interviews, the Class Council must vote on

+ candidates. Voting to confirm a new senator shall follow the plurality scheme; the

+ candidate receiving the most votes shall be nominated by the Class Council to fill the seat.

+ ii. The Senate shall then, in accordance with the Constitution, vote to confirm or reject the Class

+ Council’s nominee.

+ iii. If the Senate votes to reject the nominee, the Class Council shall immediately convene again to

+ either vote on one of the other candidates or restart the entire process.

+ iv. The relevant Class President and the Executive Board shall keep the Student Body informed of

+ any decisions throughout this process.

+ 3. Class Presidential Vacancy

+ i. In the case of a Class Presidential vacancy, the remaining members of the Class Council shall

+ choose a new President from among themselves, following the process herein prescribed subject to

+ any constitutional restrictions.

+ 1. The Executive Vice President shall immediately assembly the Class Council and inform

+ them of the vacancy.

+ 2. The Class Council shall then collectively gather secret paper ballot nominations of Class

+ Council members to fill the vacant seat from within the Council itself.

+ 3. Upon collecting the nominations, the Executive Vice President shall read the nomination

+ aloud and ask each nominee if he or she would like to perform the service of Class

+ 4. Those responding in the affirmative shall each give short speeches outlining their

+ qualifications and priorities at the next Class Council meeting (within five business days

+ of the vacancy being created).

+ 5. Without discussion, each council member – including the outgoing Class President – shall

+ then cast a vote for Class President by roll call vote.

+ 6. Voting to confirm a new Class President shall follow the plurality scheme; the candidate

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 22

+ receiving the most votes shall be elected.

+ a. If a tie occurs, a second vote shall be held.

+ b. If another tie occurs, successive elections will occur until a President is selected.

+ ii. Once nominated by the Class Council, the nominee must face a confirmation vote by the Senate at

+ its next meeting.

+ VII. COMMUNICATIONS AND MARKETING COMMISSION

+ 1. The Communications and Marketing Commission, hereafter referred to as the CMC, shall be a subsidiary

+ group of the Student Government Association organized within the Office of the Executive Secretary.

+ 2. The CMC shall operate according to a set of CMC Bylaws set by the Senate.

+ 3. The CMC shall be tasked with all matters related to the marketing and promotion of the SGA, including but

+ not limited to: social media management, website maintenance and construction, and graphic design.

+ 4. The CMC shall be comprised of at least five voting Communications and Marketing Aides, appointed by

+ the SGA Executive Secretary with the advice and consent of two-thirds of the Senate.

+ i. In the event of a vacancy, the SGA Executive Secretary may appoint replacement members as

+ outlined in the preceding section or may divide responsibilities among the remaining CMC

+ members.

+ 5. The SGA Executive Secretary shall chair the CMC but shall only vote when a tie exists.

+ 6. Quorum shall be set at half plus one of the membership of CMC.

+ 7. The Senate shall, under the Constitution, retain its oversight prerogatives over the CMC.

+ VIII. POLICY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMMISSION

+ 1. The Policy Research and Development Commission, hereafter referred to as PRDC, shall be a subsidiary

+ group of the Student Government Association organized within the Office of the Executive Vice President.

+ 2. The PRDC shall operate according to a set of PRDC Bylaws, which shall elaborate on matters not

+ delineated here. The PRDC Bylaws shall be set by the Senate.

+ 3. The PRDC shall be comprised of at least five voting Policy Advisors, appointed by the SGA Executive Vice

+ President with the advice and consent of two-thirds of the Senate.

+ i. At the discretion of the Executive Vice President, a Policy Advisor may be promoted to a “Senior

+ Policy Advisor of [area of expertise]” if said Policy Advisor has a specific portfolio of area of

+ issues on which they are uniquely capable, experienced, or qualified to advise the SGA.

+ ii. In the event of a vacancy, the SGA Executive Vice President may appoint replacement members or

+ may divide responsibilities among the remaining PRDC Policy Advisors.

+ 4. The PRDC shall be tasked with:

+ i. Service to and Collaboration with Additional SGA Organs

+ 1. The Senate, committees, class councils, the SAC, the CMC, the Judiciary and the CSE

+ may request that the PRDC conduct research on an issue on their behalf.

+ ii. Service to and Collaboration with JHU Student Organizations

+ 1. Undergraduate student organizations may request the aid of the PRDC in conducting

+ policy research, development, and statistical analysis in their own activities.

+ 2. The PRDC is expected to prioritize reports requested by the SGA, then focus on reports

+ for student organizations.

+ iii. Conducting policy research and development on behalf of the SGA.

+ 1. Harnessing advanced research tools to execute its duties, including but not limited to:

+ a. Articles obtained from accredited academic institutions or publications

+ b. Government reports or publications

+ c. Documents in the JHU Sheridan Libraries Special Collections and Archives

+ d. Computer code (Java, C, C+, Python, R, MatLab, etc.)

+ e. ArcGIS

+ f. Stata

+ g. SPSS

+ h. ERDAS

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 23

+ i. ENVI

+ iv. Publishing Reports

+ 1. The PRDC shall have the ability to make reports to the Senate and other organs of the

+ SGA based on its research. The PRDC shall make at least 1 report to the Senate every

+ semester.

+ 2. The PRDC shall produce and publish publicly at least 2 policy reports per semester.

+ 3. The PRDC shall have the ability to send reports to the University administration.

+ 4. Reports may include a recommended course of action if and only if the recommended

+ course of action is (a) supported by the data in the report and (b) the recommended course

+ of action has been formally endorsed by the Senate through motion or formal resolution.

+ v. The SGA Executive Vice President shall chair the PRDC but shall only vote when a tie exists.

+ vi. Quorum shall be set at half plus one of the membership of the PRDC.

+ vii. The Senate shall, under the Constitution, retain its oversight prerogatives over the PRDC.

+ IX. STUDENT GROUPS

+ 1. Scope

+ i. This article shall apply to all dealings with current and proposed student organizations by the

+ Committee on Student Organizations and the SGA Senate.

+ ii. Should any part of this article be found unconstitutional, such part shall be considered severable

+ and the rest of the article shall remain in effect.

+ 2. Recognition of Proposed Student Organizations

+ i. The SGA Senate has, under the Constitution, jurisdiction over the appointment process of new

+ student organizations.

+ ii. The Committee on Student Organizations shall receive applications for proposed student

+ organizations and determine, along with the Coordinator of Student Organizations, which Category

+ these groups fall under.

+ 1. All JHU student organizations currently categorized as: Academic and Research, Center

+ for Social Concern, Dean of Student Life Charter Organizations, Sports Clubs and

+ Fraternity and Sorority Life will be eligible for additional recognition by SGA and thus

+ eligible for SAC monthly grants.

+ a. For annual grant eligibility, they must drop their recognition outside of SGA.

+ 2. They will be reviewed and confirmed by a majority vote of the Committee on Student

+ Organizations on a rolling basis.

+ iii. The Committee on Student Organizations shall conduct hearings with the Coordinator of Student

+ Organizations and leaders of proposed groups to evaluate the uniqueness and feasibility of their

+ mission, the establishment of a longitudinal organizational structure, the level of risk and their

+ iv. The Committee on Student Organizations shall vote on whether to recognize the existence and

+ provide funding for proposed student organizations. Committee quorum and a simple majority is

+ required for the committee’s determination to be in effect.

+ 1. The Committee’s decision shall be referred to the Coordinator of Student Organizations,

+ by the end of the academic term at which the application was submitted, to finalize the

+ new group registration process.

+ 2. The Committee’s decision shall be referred to the SGA Treasurer and the Student

+ Activities Commission to give new organizations access to start-up funds and student

+ group grants.

+ v. A decision to recognize or deny a proposed student organization by the Committee on Student

+ Organizations can be appealed by any SGA Senator with a simple majority vote, at which point

+ the General Body will evaluate the proposed student organization and vote on a final determination

+ of its recognition.

+ 3. Current Student Organizations

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 24

+ i. The SGA Senate is, under the Constitution, empowered to pass legislation governing student

+ groups.

+ ii. All student organizations recognized by the SGA Senate shall undergo a yearly review of their

+ operations by the Committee on Student Organizations, upon which their yearly budget grant from

+ SAC shall be contingent.

+ iii. A decision to revoke recognition of an existing student organization by the Committee on Student

+ Organizations can be appealed by any SGA Senator with a simple majority vote, at which point

+ the General Body will evaluate the student organization and vote on a final determination of its

+ recognition.

+ iv. Student groups may not disallow any member the right to vote with regard to race, color, creed,

+ religion, national or ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, age, marital status, citizenship, or

+ handicap. This requirement may be waived in circumstances in which an individual group has a

+ specific reason – related to the impending graduation of group members – as to why members set

+ to graduate in the academic year following the election should not be allowed to vote in a group

+ election.

+ 1. If the group wishes to waive this requirement, they must present a case to the SGA Senate

+ explaining why graduating members should not be allowed to vote in an election. If the

+ SGA rules in the group’s favor, then the class of graduating members will not be allowed

+ to vote. The disallowance of graduating members, if approved, must apply to every

+ member of the group, without exception, who is to graduate in the semester following the

+ election.

+ v. Student groups must ensure that all students have the right to express their chosen pronoun, chosen

+ name, and gender identity in all documents, programs, and material.

+ vi. All laws passed by the SGA governing approved student organizations shall be compiled into a

+ singular document and sent to the leaders of the student organization at the beginning of each

+ school year.

+ vii. All Senators should be paired with a set number of student organizations, with Senators belonging

+ to the Committee on Student Organizations taking on 3-4 organizations more than those not on the

+ committee. Upon the inauguration of freshmen senators, they shall be assigned to a number of

+ organizations equal to that of other senators. The senator originally assigned to that organization

+ shall be retained as an advisor to the freshman senator.

+ 1. The procedures for pairing shall be the duty and discretion of the Chair(s) of the CSO and

+ shall take place by mid-July at the earliest.

+ 2. No Senator should be paired with an organization that would constitute a conflict of

+ interest.

+ viii. The senators shall act as a point of contact for the student organizations that they are paired with

+ and should be in regular communication.

+ 1. The senators shall be responsible for first contacting their paired student organizations

+ within the week following the pairings of the Senators to organizations.

+ ix. The senators should help guide their student organizations to the correct sources of information or

+ committee.

+ 4. Student and Student Organization Application Updates

+ i. The SGA shall strive to keep students and student organizations apprised of the status of their

+ applications to itself or its constituent bodies – including committees, class councils, the SAC, and

+ the CMC.

+ 1. For applications requiring two or more weeks to approve or deny, the following measures

+ shall be used to maintain these channels of communication:

+ a. Students shall have the right to request an update on their application’s progress

+ every two weeks, even if a final outcome cannot be provided at that time.

+ b. For each application process, the SGA shall publish an estimated timeline with

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 25

+ general stages and timeframes on the process of approval and denial, as well as

+ relevant points of contacts, on the SGA website.

+ i. The SGA shall email the aforementioned timeline to all application

+ submissions’ authors.

+ X. INSTITUTIONAL MEMORY

+ 1. Records

+ i. Public Disclosure

+ 1. All SGA records shall be presented to the public in an online JHBox that is accessible in

+ less than 2 clicks from the SGA website homepage or 4 clicks from the SGA’s social

+ media pages.

+ a. Any SGA document deliberated in the public sphere – legislation, minutes, and

+ working documents – shall be placed into JHBox within a week of creation.

+ ii. Freedom of Information

+ 1. Any JHU undergraduate’s request for SGA information sent to HopkinsGroups or the

+ SGA website shall be honored within a week of request, and if information cannot be

+ provided, a legitimate legal, or personal privacy-related reason shall be provided in

+ writing. Denied requests may be appealed to the Judiciary. All requests, fulfilled or

+ denied, shall be listed in the SGA public records.

+ iii. Longevity

+ 1. At the end of every academic year, the Internal Affairs Committee shall store all of SGA’s

+ digital records for protection in a secondary technological archive. The records shall be

+ housed in the SGA Office.

+ iv. Minutes

+ 1. Minutes shall, at the very least, always include the following:

+ a. The date, time, and location of a meeting.

+ b. Those present at and absent from a SGA meeting, including whether the absence

+ is excused or unexcused.

+ c. Any guests in attendance at the meeting.

+ d. The matters discussed in a meeting.

+ e. The main ideas discussed within each matter.

+ f. The major points or motions raised during the meeting.

+ g. All votes made during the meeting, conditional upon a final bill vote being

+ executed by roll call, each senator’s vote will be recorded.

+ 2. Minutes shall be made available to the Executive Secretary no later than a week from the

+ meeting at which they were recorded. Failure to send minutes shall be noted on the SGA

+ website.

+ 3. Worklog

+ a. An SGA work log shall be created at the beginning of the school year, no later

+ than the first General Body Meeting, by the Executive Secretary of SGA. The

+ SGA work log shall be made accessible on the SGA website.

+ b. It shall be the responsibility of the Executive Secretary to ensure that the work

+ log is continually updated by SGA members and posted on the SGA website. It is

+ encouraged that individual SGA members fill out the log.

+ c. The SGA work log shall compile all the legislation, non-legislative projects,

+ roles, and responsibilities of individual SGA members.

+ d. An example SGA work log was created in March [link]. This format can be used

+ as a template.

+ XI. INTERNAL ACCOUNTABILITY

+ 1. Impeachment

+ i. Impeachment shall be defined as the reprimand of a member by no less than a 2/3 vote of the

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 26

+ Senate for any legitimate reason outlined in the Constitution and/or Bylaws.

+ ii. Any impeachment may be appealed to the Judiciary within seven (7) days.

+ iii. A mark of impeachment shall be made in the public record and this mark shall be kept on the

+ record until the end of the semester, at which time the impeachment shall be lifted.

+ 2. Removal

+ i. Removal shall be defined as the removal of an SGA member from their office by the processes

+ outlined in the Constitution and/or Bylaws. If removed, the removal shall be noted in the public

+ record and the SGA member shall be stripped of all titles and privileges.

+ XII. SUPREMACY

+ 1. The Constitution, these Bylaws, and the Senate Procedural Rules herein prescribed shall supersede

+ legislation of the Senate and shall retain supremacy, in conjunction with the Constitution, over any other

+ SGA laws and governing documents of subsidiary bodies and student organizations.

+ 2. Should any part of these Bylaws be ruled unconstitutional, such part shall be considered severable and the

+ rest of the document shall remain valid and enforceable.

+ XIII. AMENDMENTS AND RATIFICATION

+ 1. These Bylaws, unless specified below, may only be amended and ratified by a two-thirds vote of the entire

+ 2. Semantic Amendments

+ i. Amendments related to incorrect grammar or specifying acronyms may be made by the Internal

+ Affairs without a Senate vote.

+ 1. Internal Affairs Committee will notify the Senate of these changes.

+ XIV. CAUCUSES

+ 1. Formation

+ i. In order to form a caucus, the following criteria must be met:

+ 1. Formation must be initiated by an SGA Senate member

+ 2. Submission of a bill establishing a caucus that contains the following:

+ a. Rules for caucus (granted that they do not supercede the general guidelines of

+ caucuses)

+ b. Purpose of the caucus

+ c. Goals of the caucus

+ d. Why there is a need for this caucus on campus

+ e. List of at least 10 interested individuals

+ f. List of at least 3 potential partner student organizations

+ 3. Caucuses must be approved by a 2/3rds vote of the Senate

+ 2. Leadership:

+ i. Each caucus must have, at a minimum, a Chair and a Vice-Chair

+ 1. The Chair of the caucus must be an elected member of the Senate or the Executive Board.

+ 2. The Vice Chair must be a member of the Senate, the Executive Board, an Executive Board

+ Commission, a former SGA elected member, or a non-senate member of a standing

+ committee.

+ ii. The Chair of the caucus shall be responsible for the following duties:

+ 1. The Chair shall serve as the chief executive officer of the caucus.

+ 2. The Chair shall be the official spokesperson of the caucus.

+ 3. The Chair shall preside at and lead all meetings of the caucus and shall prepare the

+ meeting agendas.

+ 4. The Chair shall coordinate elections within their caucus by the end of September.

+ 5. The Chair shall be responsible for overseeing all administrative duties for the caucus.

+ 6. The chair shall also be responsible for ensuring that there is a Caucus page on the SGA

+ website that contains leadership information and all meeting minutes.

+ iii. The Vice Chair shall be responsible for the following duties:

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 27

+ 1. Record detailed minutes at all meetings for the caucus and shall keep them on file.

+ 2. The Vice Chair shall manage any and all internal and external organizational

+ correspondence, as requested by the Chair.

+ 3. The Vice Chair shall maintain all membership records for the caucus, including updating

+ the roster and member attendance sheet.

+ 4. The Vice Chair shall be responsible for reserving rooms and spaces for all meetings and

+ events.

+ 5. In the event that the Chair is unable to lead meetings or fulfill other administrative

+ responsibilities, the Vice Chair shall step in momentarily as their proxy.

+ 6. Upon resignation of the Chair of a caucus, the Vice-Chair shall serve as interim chair until

+ new elections are held.

+ a. Eligibility rules of interim chairmanship shall follow that of Vice Chair and not

+ Chair.

+ iv. Each caucus may specify additional leadership roles in their Caucus Rules Bill.

+ v. Leadership Election Procedures:

+ 1. The Chair and Vice-Chair of the caucus must be elected by the SGA Senate in a General

+ Body Meeting.

+ a. This must be completed within one month of the approval of a caucus

+ 2. In order to run for a leadership position, a candidate must be nominated by a Senator

+ during the General Body Meeting in which the election shall take place.

+ a. Incumbent Chairs or Vice-Chairs in the Caucus for which the election is for, may

+ not nominate candidates for either position.

+ 3. Each candidate must speak for up to five minutes on why they should be elected to the

+ position they are running for.

+ a. If there is only one candidate nominated for a position, the Senate shall move

+ directly into voting procedure for the nominee.

+ b. If there are multiple candidates, after the speeches, Senators may motion for a

+ Q&A, a Moderated Caucus, or to move into voting procedure.

+ i. If there are no motions for a moderated caucus or a Q&A, the Senate

+ shall move directly into voting procedure for the position being

+ discussed.

+ c. After speeches and optional discussion, the Senate shall move into voting

+ procedure.

+ 4. A candidate for a position must win a majority of the votes to obtain the position they are

+ running for.

+ a. If there are more than two candidates and neither gets a majority of the vote, the

+ Senate shall move into a second round of voting, with the candidate who got the

+ least votes in the prior round of voting taken out of consideration for the position.

+ b. This process shall continue until a candidate gets a majority of the vote.

+ 5. Elections for each position shall be held during one of the first three General Body

+ Meetings of each year’s Senate. New elections shall be held during the academic year

+ upon the resignation of the Chair or Vice-Chair of the caucus, or upon the receipt of the

+ signatures of 2/3rds of the Senate.

+ a. Upon resignation of Chair or Vice-Chair, new elections must be held within two

+ weeks of resignation. If the resignation occurs during a time in which the next

+ GBM is farther than two weeks away (for example, during winter break), the

+ election shall be carried out at the next GBM.

+ b. Between the resignation of the Chair and the election of a new chair, the Vice

+ Chair will serve as interim Chair, and the caucus will vote on a temporary

+ replacement for the Vice Chair.

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 28

+ i. Upon resignation of the Vice Chair, the chair will determine who will

+ serve as interim Vice Chair until a new election can be held.

+ 3. Powers and Responsibilities of Caucuses

+ i. Caucuses shall work to advance, represent the needs and concerns of, and promote greater equality

+ for the community that they represent.

+ ii. Actions that caucuses are authorized to carry out include without Senate Approval include:

+ 1. Endorsing, suggesting, or otherwise encouraging legislation aimed to help the

+ constituency they represent

+ 2. Reviewing and providing feedback on whether legislation passed by SGA is as inclusive

+ of and mindful to the needs of the constituency they represent as possible.

+ 3. Acting as a safe space for the constituency they represent, and providing meaningful

+ opportunities for the constituency they represent to convene and discuss pertinent issues.

+ 4. Holding General Body Meetings with interested students and interested student groups to

+ discuss whatever issues are deemed relevant by the caucus.

+ 5. Running a Social Media Account

+ 6. Any actions not included in this list require further action before the caucus may carry

+ them out, which shall be described within these bylaws.

+ iii. Events and Initiatives

+ 1. There are two routes for initiatives to be approved:

+ a. In order to work on events and initiatives, caucuses can present their initiative to

+ a GBM (to ensure awareness within the Senate)

+ i. Any relevant legislative committees can comment / provide feedback

+ ii. 2 A simple majority vote within the Senate can approve the

+ event/initiative

+ b. Alternatively, a caucus initiative can partner with a specific legislative committee

+ i. A committee simple majority vote can approve said initiative/event

+ 4. Internal Rules

+ i. Caucuses shall define their structure, operating rules, and any other leadership not specified by

+ these bylaws by creating an annual Caucus rules bill that must be approved by the Senate every

+ academic year.

+ 1. Annual Caucus Rules bills shall be approved by a majority vote of the Senate by end of

+ September at the latest.

+ 2. Rules Bills must stay within the structure provided in these bylaws, and may not outline

+ any responsibilities, leadership election procedures, or anything else that contradicts these

+ bylaws.

+ 3. Rules Bills should include a potential caucus logo if applicable

+ 4. Annual Rules Bills must be posted publicly on the SGA website. The Caucus shall not be

+ allowed to carry out any of its responsibilities and shall be considered null and void until

+ the Rules Bill is posted on the website.

+ 5. Membership

+ i. Caucus membership shall be open to all interested students of any background or demographic, in

+ accordance with our Constitution

+ 1. Caucuses may further define in their Rules bill the specifics of “membership” within their

+ caucus

+ XV. GOVERNING BOARDS

+ 1. Governing Boards will be subcommittees of the CSO and fall under the CSO’s jurisdiction.

+ 2. Governing Boards shall be reappointed following SGA elections in the spring.

+ 3. There will be a governing board for each category of organizations under the SGA.

+ i. FSL organizations and sports clubs will be exempt from governing boards.

+ 4. Governing Boards shall be composed of 5 members: Chair, Secretary, Representative to the CSO, and 2

+ Johns Hopkins Student Government Association Bylaws – September 2021 – Page 29

+ general members.

+ i. The MLC will have an independent process to appoint four of its governing board positions,

+ separate from the process outlined in these bylaws. The fifth and final representative of the MLC

+ governing board will be appointed by the CSO, in collaboration with and consultation of the MLC

+ executive board, by the process described in these bylaws.

+ 1. The MLC may choose to opt-out of this process annually by informing the CSO. Should

+ they opt out, the positions will be filled as outlined in these bylaws.

+ ii. The position of representative to the CSO will be specifically applied to, but the Chair and

+ secretary will be chosen by the governing board from themselves.

+ iii. The representative to the CSO will be a non-voting member of the CSO.

+ 5. The governing board members will be chosen by an application and interview process with the CSO and

+ confirmed by a simple majority of the Senate.

+ i. To be a member of a governing board, you must be a member of an executive board of an

+ organization under the governing board’s jurisdiction.

+ ii. The MLC process for selection of four of its governing board positions is independent and

+ specified by Section XIV: Governing Boards 4.a.

+ 6. Decisions made within a governing board shall be made by a simple majority with each member being

+ entitled to one vote.

+ 7. Organizations will be required to be under the governing board of their primary categorization.

+ i. Organizations will have the option to opt-in to an additional governing board with the approval of

+ the governing board they wish to be added under.

+ 8. Governing boards have the right to pass and send recommendations to the CSO, given that they have

+ reached a majority-approved decision to do so.

+ 9. The CSO can overturn any decision made by governing boards by a ⅔ vote.

+ 10. A member of any governing board can be removed by ⅔ vote of the Senate at the recommendation of a

+ simple majority vote of the CSO.

+ 11. Governing boards shall have a meeting with all executive members under their jurisdiction twice a semester.

+ 12. Governing board members should provide logistical support to organizations under them to the best of their

+ ability

+ 13. Regular updates about organizations under them shall be provided to the CSO.